The questions people actually ask.

No, and we're explicit about it. CLIA certification is a US regulatory label for clinical diagnostic labs. PharmTwin runs on consumer SNP-array data (your 23andMe or Ancestry file), which was generated by 23andMe / Ancestry / MyHeritage for ancestry purposes — not under CLIA. The doctor-handoff PDF prominently recommends confirming any avoid-level finding with CLIA-certified pharmacogenomic testing before changing therapy. Treat us as educational + a prompt to have a better conversation with your prescriber, not as a diagnostic device.

Most do — the PDF cites the same CPIC and DPWG guidelines they would consult themselves, with PubMed IDs. Some prescribers will request a CLIA-certified confirmation before acting on an avoid-level finding. That's appropriate, and we explicitly recommend it. For adjust-level findings (dose reductions, monitoring), most prescribers will simply factor the information in.

23andMe (v3, v4, v5), AncestryDNA (v1, v2), and MyHeritage. The raw .txt or .csv file works, and so does the .zip the vendor gives you — we auto-extract. If your file imports successfully on PromethaseSe or one of the open-source genome viewers, it'll work here.

Not detectable from consumer SNP-array data — that's a hard limit of the underlying data, not of our software. We do call CYP2D6 SNV-based diplotypes via a two-pass PharmCAT run, which covers the common alleles (*1, *2, *4, *10, *17). What we cannot detect: CYP2D6 *5 (whole-gene deletion), gene duplications that cause ultrarapid metabolism, and CYP2D6/CYP2D7 hybrid alleles (*36, *68, *13). Detecting those requires long-read or copy-number-aware sequencing data. Any consumer pharmacogenomic product built on SNP-array data has this same limit; we just say so.

Also not detectable from SNP-array data. HLA typing for abacavir hypersensitivity (HLA-B*57:01) and carbamazepine Stevens-Johnson risk (HLA-B*15:02) requires a dedicated typing assay. The report will explicitly say "not assessable" for HLA-driven recommendations. If you're considering one of those drugs, ask your prescriber to order HLA typing — it's inexpensive and routine.

PharmCAT knows about 197 medications across the four guideline sources. Of those, typically 60–80 are actionable for any given genome (the rest only have annotations for variants you don't carry). For example, a typical 23andMe v5 file results in about 74 drug records, of which around 50 are flagged as needing avoid or adjust action.

Do not stop or change anything based on a PharmTwin report alone. Bring the doctor-handoff PDF to your prescriber and have the conversation. They may keep you on the medication (sometimes the reason it was prescribed outweighs the genotype concern), switch you to an alternative, or order CLIA-certified confirmation testing first. The report is information to make that conversation better — not a directive to act unilaterally.

They're CLIA-certified clinical lab tests, ordered by a prescriber, costing $300–600 and taking ~2 weeks. PharmTwin is consumer-grade, ordered by you, costs $49, takes 15 seconds, and uses the DNA file you already paid for. They have CLIA certification and CYP2D6 CNV detection on their side; we have speed, price, conversational depth, and multi-source attribution (CPIC + DPWG + FDA) on ours. The right answer for many people is to use both — PharmTwin as a fast first pass to know what to ask about, a clinical test if/when a specific finding needs confirmation.

The full report (every actionable medication for your genome, organized by therapeutic category), the conversational chat (ask anything in natural language about your meds), the doctor-handoff PDF with PMID citations, and free regeneration of the report whenever CPIC publishes new guidelines that touch your variants. One-time charge, not a subscription.

Yes, no-questions-asked within 7 days of purchase. Email hello@pharmtwin.com from the address you paid with. We'll refund the full $49 and delete your data at the same time.

Uploaded to our server, processed once, kept so the report can be regenerated if CPIC guidelines update. Never sold, never sent back to 23andMe / Ancestry / MyHeritage. Deletable on request within 48 hours. Full privacy stance →

Grounded. Every chat answer is given a system prompt containing your full gene profile + the verbatim CPIC/DPWG/FDA text for the drugs the question matched. The model is instructed to refuse if asked about a drug not in your data ("I don't have CPIC data for that drug for your genome") and never to invent recommendations. Every response shows you which drug records it was given as context — full transparency.

Email hello@pharmtwin.com — we read everything.